My writings & engineering articles
Technical Articles
Deep dives into Full-Stack Web Development, System Design, DevOps & Linux, Networking, Design Patterns, and Frontier AI. Published live from Medium.
What Happens When You Type a URL in Your Browser?
Follow one request from the address bar to the screen: DNS, TCP, TLS, HTTP, and rendering, explained step by step. You press Enter on a website’s address. What happens in the next ...
Docker vs Kubernetes Explained
From a single container to a self-healing cluster If your app works perfectly on your laptop, why does it break on the server? That question has frustrated developers for decades, ...
LLM vs Jev: Understanding AI That Generates and AI That Decides
Answering a question is not the same as making a decision Ask an AI assistant “what’s a good subject line for this email?” and it generates text — a suggestion, nothing more. Ask i...
LangChain vs. LangGraph: A Practical JavaScript Developer’s Guide
The Challenge of Building LLM-Powered Applications Calling a model provider’s API directly — openai.chat.completions.create(...) — works fine for a single question and a single ans...
React.js Interview Questions: Beginner to Advanced
A practical collection of React.js questions covering fundamentals, Hooks, performance, architecture, and real-world scenarios — organized from Beginner to Advanced, with coding an...
Monolithic vs Microservices Architecture: Choosing the Right Approach
Software Architecture Basics Software architecture is the high-level structure of how an application’s parts fit together — how code is organized, how components communicate, and h...
Monorepos & tRPC: One Repository, End-to-End Type Safety
The running context: a frontend and backend that need to agree Picture a full-stack TypeScript application — a web frontend, and a backend API it talks to. The backend defines what...
REST vs GraphQL vs gRPC vs SOAP: Choosing the Right API Approach
API Communication Basics Every time one piece of software needs data or a service from another — a mobile app calling a backend, one microservice calling another — they need an agr...
JWT Authentication in Node.js Explained Simply
Why authentication is required Without authentication, a server has no way to answer a basic question: who is making this request? Anyone could claim to be anyone — viewing another...
Handling File Uploads in Express with Multer
Why File Uploads Need Middleware A normal form submission sends simple text data, which Express can parse easily with its built-in express.json() or express.urlencoded(). A file up...
Full-Stack & Systems Engineering Roadmap
A step-by-step master sequence through 67+ engineering articles. Follow the roadmap from core web foundations to distributed systems and autonomous AI agents, or click any topic to instantly filter the library.
Web Foundations & Client-Side Mastery
Backend, Enterprise Architecture & Databases
Distributed Systems, Cloud & Frontier AI
Technical Interview & DSA Polyfills Prep
Sharpen your core engineering skills with real interview scenarios, custom polyfills (flat, bind, string methods), and tricky language mechanics.
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