My writings & engineering articles
Technical Articles
Deep dives into Full-Stack Web Development, System Design, DevOps & Linux, Networking, Design Patterns, and Frontier AI. Published live from Medium.
HTTP vs HTTPS: How the Web Actually Communicates
When you log in on café Wi-Fi, what stops the person at the next table from reading your password? Most of the time, the honest answer is HTTPS. Without it, your login request woul...
What Happens When You Type a URL in Your Browser?
Follow one request from the address bar to the screen: DNS, TCP, TLS, HTTP, and rendering, explained step by step. You press Enter on a website’s address. What happens in the next ...
Docker vs Kubernetes Explained
From a single container to a self-healing cluster If your app works perfectly on your laptop, why does it break on the server? That question has frustrated developers for decades, ...
LLM vs Jev: Understanding AI That Generates and AI That Decides
Answering a question is not the same as making a decision Ask an AI assistant “what’s a good subject line for this email?” and it generates text — a suggestion, nothing more. Ask i...
LangChain vs. LangGraph: A Practical JavaScript Developer’s Guide
The Challenge of Building LLM-Powered Applications Calling a model provider’s API directly — openai.chat.completions.create(...) — works fine for a single question and a single ans...
React.js Interview Questions: Beginner to Advanced
A practical collection of React.js questions covering fundamentals, Hooks, performance, architecture, and real-world scenarios — organized from Beginner to Advanced, with coding an...
Monolithic vs Microservices Architecture: Choosing the Right Approach
Software Architecture Basics Software architecture is the high-level structure of how an application’s parts fit together — how code is organized, how components communicate, and h...
Monorepos & tRPC: One Repository, End-to-End Type Safety
The running context: a frontend and backend that need to agree Picture a full-stack TypeScript application — a web frontend, and a backend API it talks to. The backend defines what...
REST vs GraphQL vs gRPC vs SOAP: Choosing the Right API Approach
API Communication Basics Every time one piece of software needs data or a service from another — a mobile app calling a backend, one microservice calling another — they need an agr...
JWT Authentication in Node.js Explained Simply
Why authentication is required Without authentication, a server has no way to answer a basic question: who is making this request? Anyone could claim to be anyone — viewing another...
Full-Stack & Systems Engineering Roadmap
A step-by-step master sequence through 67+ engineering articles. Follow the roadmap from core web foundations to distributed systems and autonomous AI agents, or click any topic to instantly filter the library.
Web Foundations & Client-Side Mastery
Backend, Enterprise Architecture & Databases
Distributed Systems, Cloud & Frontier AI
Technical Interview & DSA Polyfills Prep
Sharpen your core engineering skills with real interview scenarios, custom polyfills (flat, bind, string methods), and tricky language mechanics.
Looking for more articles?
Read all 67+ articles directly on my Medium profile with full formatting & reader responses.